Observed deaths and SMRs by benzene exposure measures for selected causes of death, benzene exposed chemical workers, US comparisons
| Exposure measure | 0 year lag | 15 year lag | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Obs | SMR | 95% CI | Obs | SMR | 95% CI | ||
| Diseases of the blood and blood forming organs | |||||||
| Duration (y) | <5 | 4 | 1.88 | 0.51 to 4.82 | 4 | 1.80 | 0.49 to 4.62 |
| 5–9 | 1 | 2.48 | 0.06 to 13.84 | 1 | 2.50 | 0.06 to 13.92 | |
| 10+ | 2 | 2.90 | 0.35 to 10.48 | 2 | 3.33 | 0.40 to 12.02 | |
| Cumulative exposure (ppm-years) | <28.3 | 5 | 2.53 | 0.82 to 5.91 | 5 | 2.46 | 0.80 to 5.73 |
| 28.3–79.1 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 to 5.72 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 to 5.93 | |
| 79.1+ | 2 | 3.33 | 0.40 to 12.04 | 2 | 3.56 | 0.43 to 12.86 | |
| Average intensity (ppm) | <5 | 3 | 2.42 | 0.50 to 7.08 | 5 | 1.76 | 0.57 to 4.10 |
| 5–14 | 1 | 1.02 | 0.03 to 5.69 | 2 | 5.68 | 0.69 to 20.54 | |
| 15+ | 3 | 2.99 | 0.62 to 8.74 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 to 182.44 | |
| Leukaemia and aleukaemia | |||||||
| Duration (y) | <5 | 5 | 0.70 | 0.23 to 1.63 | 6 | 0.78 | 0.29 to 1.70 |
| 5–9 | 4 | 3.09 | 0.84 to 7.90 | 3 | 2.51 | 0.52 to 7.34 | |
| 10+ | 3 | 1.44 | 0.30 to 4.20 | 3 | 1.84 | 0.38 to 5.38 | |
| Cumulative exposure (ppm-years) | <340 | 4 | 0.60 | 0.16 to 1.54 | 5 | 0.69 | 0.23 to 1.62 |
| 28.3–79.1 | 4 | 2.00 | 0.54 to 5.11 | 3 | 1.71 | 0.35 to 5.00 | |
| 79.1+ | 4 | 2.16 | 0.59 to 5.53 | 4 | 2.55 | 0.70 to 6.54 | |
| Average intensity (ppm) | <5 | 3 | 0.75 | 0.16 to 2.20 | 9 | 0.95 | 0.44 to 1.81 |
| 5–14 | 5 | 1.57 | 0.51 to 3.66 | 3 | 2.96 | 0.61 to 8.64 | |
| 15+ | 4 | 1.19 | 0.32 to 3.05 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 to 60.93 | |
| Acute non-lymphocytic leukaemia | |||||||
| Duration (y) | <5 | 2 | 0.82 | 0.10 to 2.97 | 3 | 1.18 | 0.24 to 3.46 |
| 5–9 | 1 | 2.20 | 0.06 to 12.23 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 to 8.33 | |
| 10+ | 1 | 1.37 | 0.03 to 7.66 | 1 | 1.58 | 0.04 to 8.79 | |
| Cumulative exposure (ppm-years) | <28.3 | 2 | 0.87 | 0.11 to 3.13 | 3 | 1.26 | 0.26 to 3.69 |
| 28.3–79.1 | 1 | 1.47 | 0.04 to 8.17 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 to 5.65 | |
| 79.1+ | 1 | 1.61 | 0.04 to 8.95 | 1 | 1.71 | 0.04 to 9.51 | |
| Average intensity (ppm) | <5 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 to 2.64 | 3 | 0.93 | 0.19 to 2.73 |
| 5–14 | 3 | 2.66 | 0.55 to 7.76 | 1 | 2.65 | 0.07 to 14.74 | |
| 15+ | 1 | 0.92 | 0.02 to 5.13 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 to 146.28 | |
| Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma | |||||||
| Duration (y) | <5 | 6 | 0.93 | 0.34 to 2.02 | 6 | 0.87 | 0.32 to 1.88 |
| 5–9 | 1 | 0.88 | 0.02 to 4.88 | 1 | 0.92 | 0.02 to 5.11 | |
| 10+ | 3 | 1.67 | 0.34 to 4.88 | 3 | 2.15 | 0.44 to 6.28 | |
| Cumulative exposure (ppm-years) | <8.3 | 8 | 1.31 | 0.57 to 2.58 | 8 | 1.23 | 0.53 to 2.42 |
| 28.3–79.1 | 2 | 1.15 | 0.14 to 4.16 | 2 | 1.28 | 0.16 to 4.64 | |
| 79.1+ | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 to 2.34 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 to 2.75 | |
| Average intensity (ppm) | <5 | 6 | 1.67 | 0.61 to 3.64 | 10 | 1.18 | 0.56 to 2.17 |
| 5–14 | 2 | 0.69 | 0.08 to 2.48 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 to 4.21 | |
| 15+ | 2 | 0.68 | 0.08 to 2.47 | 0 | 0.00 | 0.00 to 78.26 | |