Proportion of hypospadias cases by region, maternal age, and socioeconomic status
| Hypospadias | All years | 1980–89 | 1992–96 | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | OR | 95% CI | |
| Region | ||||||||
| 1: North | 239 | 10.6 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| 2: York + Humberside | 338 | 9.7 | 0.90 | 0.76 to 1.07 | 0.99 | 0.81 to 1.20 | 0.66 | 0.45 to 0.95 |
| 3: East Midlands | 606 | 11.0 | 1.04 | 0.89 to 1.22 | 1.04 | 0.87 to 1.25 | 1.17 | 0.82 to 1.66 |
| 4: East Anglia | 375 | 9.4 | 0.87 | 0.73 to 1.03 | 0.92 | 0.77 to 1.12 | 0.60 | 0.38 to 0.95 |
| 5: South East | 429 | 8.7 | 0.80 | 0.68 to 0.95 | 0.81 | 0.66 to 0.98 | 0.74 | 0.54 to 1.03 |
| 6: South West | 179 | 9.7 | 0.90 | 0.74 to 1.11 | 0.95 | 0.75 to 1.21 | 0.76 | 0.51 to 1.12 |
| 7: West Midlands | 857 | 9.0 | 0.83 | 0.71 to 0.96 | 0.85 | 0.71 to 1.00 | 0.86 | 0.60 to 1.24 |
| 8: North West | 356 | 10.6 | 0.99 | 0.83 to 1.18 | 1.01 | 0.82 to 1.24 | 0.89 | 0.64 to 1.24 |
| 9: Wales | 92 | 8.9 | 0.82 | 0.64 to 1.06 | 0.95 | 0.72 to 1.24 | 0.36 | 0.17 to 0.77 |
| p for heterogen < 0.001 | p for heterogen = 0.008 | p for heterogen = 0.001 | ||||||
| Maternal age | ||||||||
| <20 | 371 | 10.2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| 20–24 | 1134 | 10.2 | 1.00 | 0.88 to 1.13 | 0.98 | 0.86 to 1.11 | 1.21 | 0.82 to 1.80 |
| 25–29 | 1144 | 9.4 | 0.92 | 0.81 to 1.04 | 0.86 | 0.76 to 0.99 | 1.28 | 0.88 to 1.87 |
| 30–34 | 600 | 9.4 | 0.91 | 0.80 to 1.05 | 0.87 | 0.75 to 1.02 | 1.18 | 0.80 to 1.74 |
| 35–39 | 160 | 7.9 | 0.76 | 0.63 to 0.92 | 0.72 | 0.58 to 0.90 | 1.00 | 0.63 to 1.60 |
| 40+ | 35 | 10.7 | 1.06 | 0.73 to 1.52 | 1.13 | 0.74 to 1.72 | 1.03 | 0.48 to 2.23 |
| p for trend = 0.005 | p for trend = 0.002 | p for trend = 0.65 | ||||||
| Social class of mother | ||||||||
| I | 69 | 9.2 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| II | 843 | 9.1 | 0.99 | 0.76 to 1.28 | 1.04 | 0.76 to 1.43 | 0.91 | 0.58 to 1.42 |
| IIINM | 1454 | 9.7 | 1.06 | 0.82 to 1.36 | 1.15 | 0.84 to 1.57 | 0.88 | 0.57 to 1.37 |
| IIIM | 311 | 10.4 | 1.15 | 0.87 to 1.51 | 1.15 | 0.82 to 1.60 | 1.26 | 0.78 to 2.05 |
| IV | 637 | 10.1 | 1.12 | 0.86 to 1.45 | 1.20 | 0.87 to 1.65 | 0.97 | 0.61 to 1.56 |
| V | 154 | 9.9 | 1.08 | 0.80 to 1.46 | 1.17 | 0.82 to 1.67 | 0.91 | 0.52 to 1.60 |
| p for trend = 0.02 | p for trend = 0.03 | p for trend = 0.40 | ||||||
| Social class of father | ||||||||
| I | 188 | 8.5 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
| II | 637 | 9.4 | 1.12 | 0.94 to 1.33 | 1.08 | 0.90 to 1.31 | 1.29 | 0.87 to 1.91 |
| IIINM | 400 | 9.6 | 1.14 | 0.95 to 1.36 | 1.06 | 0.87 to 1.30 | 1.52 | 1.00 to 2.30 |
| IIIM | 992 | 10.0 | 1.19 | 1.01 to 1.40 | 1.15 | 0.96 to 1.37 | 1.39 | 0.95 to 2.04 |
| IV | 476 | 9.9 | 1.18 | 0.99 to 1.40 | 1.12 | 0.92 to 1.37 | 1.44 | 0.95 to 2.18 |
| V | 155 | 10.2 | 1.21 | 0.97 to 1.52 | 1.15 | 0.90 to 1.48 | 1.52 | 0.90 to 2.54 |
| p for trend = 0.04 | p for trend = 0.13 | p for trend = 0.10 | ||||||
| Deprivation quintile | ||||||||
| 1 – affluent | 132 | 9.8 | – | – | 1.00 | |||
| 2 | 147 | 10.4 | 1.07 | 0.83 to 1.37 | ||||
| 3 | 152 | 10.0 | 1.02 | 0.80 to 1.31 | ||||
| 4 | 148 | 10.9 | 1.14 | 0.89 to 1.45 | ||||
| 5 – deprived | 90 | 9.6 | 0.98 | 0.74 to 1.30 | ||||
| p for trend = 0.83 | ||||||||