Abstracted risk estimates and study information from the original studies relating occupation related exposure to pesticides and prostate cancer
| Reference | Exposure group | Geographical location | No. of cases in occupation | Specified measure | Estimator of relative risk | 95% CI |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Studies that were excluded from the meta-analyses are italicised. Reasons for exclusion were: *no prostate cancer cases in the exposed cohort; †no data reported for prostate cancer because of not meeting the requiring criteria of the original papers authors; ‡manufacturing workers; §less than five cases reported; ¶accidentally exposed group; **redundant study. If no risk estimator is available, the ratio of observed over expected cases (O/E) is given. NP, data not presented. | ||||||
| Cohort studies (SMR, SIR) | ||||||
| Acquavella et al, 1996* [20] | Alachlor manufacturing workers | Muscatine, Iowa | 0 | SMR | 0/0.2 | O/E |
| SIR | 0/0.7 | O/E | ||||
| Andersen et al, 1999 [21] | Farmers | Denmark | 1277 | SIR | 0.89 | 0.84 to 0.94 |
| Norway | 2474 | 0.99 | 0.95 to 1.03 | |||
| Finland | 2782 | 0.97 | 0.93 to 1.01 | |||
| Sweden | 3084 | 0.95 | 0.92 to 0.98 | |||
| Total | 9617 | 0.96 | 0.94 to 0.98 | |||
| Aronson et al, 1999† [22] | Farmers | Canada | <5 | Relative risk | NP | NP |
| Becher et al, 1996‡ [23] | Workers exposed to phenoxy herbicides and dioxins | Germany | 9 | SMR | 1.25 | 0.573 to 2.375 |
| Burns et al, 2001‡ [24] | Chemical workers potentially exposed to 2,4-D | Midland, Michigan | 7 | SMR | 1.34 | 0.54 to 2.77 |
| Cantor and Silberman, 1999 [25] | Aerial pesticide applicators | USA | 21 | SMR | 1.40 | 0.87 to 2.14 |
| de Jong et al, 1997§ [26] | Workers exposed to dieldrin and aldrin | Netherlands | 1 | SMR | 0.41 | 0.01 to 2.29 |
| Dich and Wiklund, 1998 [27] | Pesticide applicators | Sweden | 401 | SIR | 1.13 | 1.02 to 1.24 |
| Firth et al, 1996† [28] | Farmers | New Zealand | <5 | SIR | NP | NP |
| Agricultural workers | ||||||
| Fleming et al, 1999a [29] | Pesticide applicators | Florida | 353 | SIR | 1.91 | 1.72 to 2.13 |
| Fleming et al, 1999b [30] | Pesticide applicators | Florida | 64 | SMR | 2.38 | 1.83 to 3.04 |
| Gambini et al, 1997 [31] | Rice growers | Novara province, Italy | 19 | SMR | 0.958 | 0.577 to 1.496 |
| Hooiveld et al, 1998§ [32] | Workers exposed to phenoxyacetic acid herbicides in a chemical factory | Netherlands | 4 | SMR | 2.2 | 0.6 to 5.7 |
| Kogevinas et al, 1997‡ [33] | Workers exposed to phenoxyacetic acid herbicides | International | 68 | SMR | 1.1 | 0.85 to 1.39 |
| Kristensen et al, 1996** [34] | Subjects engaged in agricultural activities: farmers | Norway | 129 | SIR | 0.90 | 0.75 to 1.07 |
| Leet et al, 1996*‡ [35] | Alachlor manufacturing workers | Muscatine, Iowa | 0 | SIR | 0/0.29 | O/E |
| Lynge, 1998‡ [36] | Danish phenoxy herbicide workers | Denmark | 15 | SIR | 1.00 | 0.6 to 1.7 |
| Olsen et al, 1995§ [37] | Employees exposed to 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane | Michigan | 2 | SMR | 1.96 | 0.24 to 7.08 |
| Ott and Zober, 1996¶ [38] | Accidentally TCDD exposed males | Ludwigshafen, Germany | 4 | SIR | 1.1 | 0.3 to 2.8 |
| 0 | SMR | 0.0 | 0.0 to 1.9 | |||
| Parker et al, 1999 [39] | Farmers | USA | 30 | Relative risk | 1.5 | 0.9 to 2.5 |
| Pukkala and Notkola, 1997** [40] | Farmers | Finland | 2212 | SIR | 0.96 | 0.92 to 1.00 |
| Ramlow et al, 1996§ [41] | Pentachlorophenol manufacturing workers | Michigan | 3 | SMR | 0.86 | 0.18 to 2.50 |
| Sathiakumar et al, 1996* [42] | Triazine manufacturing workers | Alabama, Louisiana, USA | 0 | SMR | 0/1.8 | O/E |
| Settimi et al, 1998§ [43] | Greenhouse owners | Santa Marinella, Italy | 1 | SMR | 0.8 | 0.02 to 4.456 |
| Sharma-Wagner et al, 2000 [44] | Occupation: farmers, fisherman and hunter | Sweden | 7826 | SIR | 1.04 | 1.02 to 1.10 |
| Sperati et al, 1999 [45] | Farmers, licensed pesticide users | Viterbo, Italy | 5 | SMR | 0.8 | 0.26 to 1.86 |
| Thomas et al, 1996§ [46] | Pest control officers | England and Wales | 2 | SMR | 0.40 | 0.05 to 1.43 |
| Wesseling et al, 1996 [47] | Workers (with pesticide exposure) on the payrolls of banana companies | Costa Rica | 20 | SIR | 0.61 | 0.37 to 0.95 |
| Wiklund and Dich, 1995** [48] | Farmers | Sweden | 3987 | SIR | 0.93 | 0.9 to 0.96 |
| Zahm, 1997§ [49] | Pesticide applicators and others employees of a lawn care service | Ohio and 46 states and 3 Canadian provinces | 2 | SMR | 2.77 | 0.31 to 10.00 |
| Zhong and Rafnsson, 1996 [50] | Pesticide users | Iceland | 10 | SIR | 0.70 | 0.33 to 1.29 |
| PMR studies | ||||||
| Buxton et al, 1999 [51] | Occupation: farmers & farm managers | Canada; British Columbia | 967 | PMR | 1.12 | 1.05 to 1.20 |
| Cerhan et al, 1998 [52] | Farmers | Iowa, USA | 1152 | PMR | 1.26 | 1.19 to 1.33 |
| Inskip et al, 1996 [53] | Farmers | England and Wales | 1361 | PMR | 1.12 | 1.06 to 1.18 |
| Kross et al, 1996 [54] | Golf course superintendents | USA | 18 | PMR | 2.93 | 1.87 to 4.60 |
| Case-control studies | ||||||
| Andersson et al, 1996 [55] | Farmers | Sweden | 11 | OR | 0.6 | 0.3 to 1.2 |
| Aronson et al, 1996 [56] | Occupation: farmers & horticulturists | Canada; Quebec, Montreal | 33 | OR | 1.18 | 0.77 to 1.81 |
| Band et al, 1999 [57] | Occupation: farming, horticultural and animal husbandry (usual occupation) | British Columbia | 182 | OR | 1.43 | 1.161 to 1.761 |
| Ewings and Bowie, 1996 [58] | Farm/farm worker | UK; Somerset and East Devon | 36 | OR | 0.74 | 0.46 to 1.18 |
| Hoque et al, 1998¶ [59] | Accidentally exposed to PBB and PCB | Michigan | 1 | Adjusted OR (ppb>50) | 0.57 | 0.06 to 5.13 |
| Krstev et al, 1998a [60] | Occupation: farm workers | USA (24 states) | 192 | mortality OR | 0.7 | 0.6 to 0.9 |
| Krstev et al, 1998b [61] | Occupation: general farmers | USA (three areas) | 30 | incidence OR | 2.17 | 1.18 to 3.98 |
| van der Gulden et al, 1995 [62] | Occupation: farmer/owner | Netherlands | 30 | OR | 0.78 | 0.51 to 1.18 |
| farm workers | 6 | 2.74 | 0.94 to 7.98 | |||