Degree of confounding of an exposure–disease relationship by a risk factor S
| Percentage with S (exposed group) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10% | 20% | 30% | 40% | 50% | 60% | 70% | 80% | 90% | |
| Percentage with S (unexposed group) | |||||||||
| 10% | 1.3 | 1.6 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.7 | 3.0 | 3.3 | |
| 20% | 0.8 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.6 | |
| 30% | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 2.1 | |
| 40% | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 1.2 | 1.3 | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.8 | |
| 50% | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.3 | 1.4 | 1.5 | |
| 60% | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.4 | |
| 70% | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.1 | 1.2 | |
| 80% | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 1.1 | |
| 90% | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.8 | 0.9 | |