Lung cancer in men; adjusted odds ratios† for selected occupational exposures (236 controls and 175 cases)
| Exposed | Odds ratio | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cumulative exposure centiles‡ | ||||||
| Exposure | Cases | Controls | Ever/never | <25 | 25–90 | >90 |
| PAH, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; MAH, monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. | ||||||
| †Odds ratios adjusted for age, ethnicity, and smoking. | ||||||
| ‡Centiles based on the distribution among controls. | ||||||
| §No control exposed. | ||||||
| ¶No case exposed. | ||||||
| *p<0.1; **p<0.05; ††p for trend <0.1. | ||||||
| Cut points for 25th and 90th centiles, respectively: asbestos: 24, 300; arsenic compounds: 18, 225; inorganic acid solutions: 28, 235; metal coatings: 15, 189; welding alloy dust: 27, 126; plastic dust: 15, 150; construction site dust: 18, 318; natural gas combustion products: 18, 48; toluene: 15, 120; xylene: 12, 120; diesel engine emissions: 30, 201; PAH from any source: 39, 195; MAH: 32, 237; diesel oil: 45, 276; copra: 45, 247; inorganic fertilisers: 27, 87; natural fertilisers: 18, 84; organic pesticides: 40, 202; inorganic pesticides: 19, 225; field dust: 21, 132; hay, grass, or straw dust: 30, 141; refractory brick dust: 36, 252; silica: 16, 204; iron matte: 36, 396; iron and nickel oxides: 24, 189; nickel compounds: 12, 126; house dust: 10, 18; cleaning products: 18, 49. | ||||||
| Asbestos | 80 | 113 | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.2) | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.8 |
| Arsenic compounds | 16 | 26 | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.5) | 0.8 | 0.6 | 0.8 |
| Inorganic acid solutions | 20 | 30 | 0.9 (0.4 to 1.8) | 1.3 | 0.7 | ¶ |
| Metal coatings | 21 | 23 | 1.4 (0.7 to 3.0) | 2.0 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
| Welding alloy dust | 8 | 7 | 2.3 (0.7 to 8.0) | 2.0 | 2.5 | 2.0 |
| Plastic dust | 3 | 4 | 1.3 (0.2 to 7.7) | ¶ | 1.0 | 5.0 |
| Construction site dust | 53 | 61 | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.9) | 1.5 | 1.1 | 0.5 |
| Natural gas combustion products | 6 | 11 | 0.8 (0.2 to 2.7) | 0.6 | 0.2 | 2.4 |
| Toluene | 64 | 84 | 1.2 (0.7 to 1.9) | 1.6 | 1.0 | 1.2 |
| Xylene | 64 | 83 | 1.2 (0.7 to 1.9) | 1.8 | 1.1 | 1.2 |
| Diesel engine emissions | 88 | 130 | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.2) | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.7 |
| PAH from any source | 124 | 174 | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.4) | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.6 |
| MAH | 94 | 128 | 1.2 (0.7 to 1.9) | 1.7 | 1.1 | 0.4 |
| Diesel oil | 65 | 89 | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.8) | 1.2 | 1.1 | 0.5 |
| Copra | 12 | 10 | 1.9 (0.7 to 5.7) | 6.7* | 1.0 | 2.3 |
| Inorganic fertilisers | 11 | 16 | 1.2 (0.5 to 3.3) | 1.1 | 0.4 | 9.3** †† |
| Natural fertilisers | 3 | 7 | 1.1 (0.2 to 5.6) | ¶ | 0.6 | 12.7 |
| Organic pesticides | 25 | 40 | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.4) | 0.9 | 0.6 | 1.2 |
| Inorganic pesticides | 17 | 28 | 0.6 (0.3 to 1.3) | 0.1 | 0.9 | 0.8 |
| Field dust | 99 | 117 | 1.1 (0.7 to 1.9) | 0.7 | 1.1 | 2.6* †† |
| Hay, grass, or straw dust | 123 | 99 | 0.9 (0.6 to 1.6) | 0.6 | 1.0 | 1.7 |
| Refractory brick dust | 8 | 6 | 2.8 (0.7 to 10.6) | 6.3 | 2.6 | 1.0 |
| Silica | 30 | 46 | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.6) | 2.2 | 0.7 | 0.3 |
| Iron matte | 32 | 38 | 1.3 (0.7 to 2.5) | 1.2 | 1.5 | ¶ |
| Iron and nickel oxides | 26 | 38 | 0.9 (0.5 to 1.8) | 0.7 | 1.0 | 1.3 |
| Nickel compounds | 24 | 35 | 1.3 (0.7 to 2.6) | 0.5 | 1.8 | ¶ |
| House dust | 6 | 4 | 2.7 (0.6 to 12.2) | 1.6 | § | 2.8 |
| Cleaning products | 7 | 10 | 1.5 (0.5 to 5.0) | ¶ | 0.4 | 15.1** †† |