Characteristics of the subjects in the fifths of maximal oxygen uptake
| Quintiles of maximal oxygen uptake (ml/kg/min) | p value for difference between groups | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| I (low) | II | III | IV | V (high) | ||
| Values are either means (standard deviations) or percentages. | ||||||
| *Cardiovascular diseases include coronary heart disease, cardiac insufficiency, hypertension, claudication, and stroke. | ||||||
| †Musculoskeletal disorders include back problems and osteoarthritis. | ||||||
| ‡Mental disorders include those diagnosed by doctor or severe psychic illnesses that required hospitalisation. | ||||||
| §Other chronic diseases include chronic bronchitis, bronchial asthma, farmer’s lung or other pneumoconiosis, lung tuberculosis, diabetes, epilepsy, thyroid illnesses, liver or pancreatic diseases, cancer, and rheumatoid arthritis. | ||||||
| ¶Other reasons include respiratory, metabolic, dermatological, digestive tract, eye and ear diseases, injuries, cancers, malformations, and non-classifiable diseases. | ||||||
| Age (years) | 53.9 (3.9) | 52.3 (4.6) | 51.2 (5.0) | 50.4 (5.3) | 48.5 (5.5) | <0.001 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 28.4 (4.2) | 27.4 (3.3) | 26.6 (3.1) | 26.2 (2.7) | 25.2 (2.4) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol consumption (g/week) | 79.8 (112.9) | 74.8 (110.6) | 83.7 (134.0) | 61.3 (86.8) | 71.0 (100.9) | 0.177 |
| Smoking (cigarettes/day) | 7.5 (11.5) | 6.3 (10.4) | 5.6 (10.1) | 5.0 (10.0) | 3.0 (6.7) | <0.001 |
| Education | ||||||
| High school or above (n=120) | 1.0% | 1.8% | 2.5% | 2.2% | 1.7% | 0.001 |
| Middle school (n=510) | 6.6% | 6.9% | 8.2% | 8.0% | 9.3% | |
| Elementary school or less (n=676) | 12.6% | 10.6% | 9.8% | 9.0% | 9.7% | |
| Occupation | ||||||
| Farmer (n=225) | 3.5% | 3.6% | 3.9% | 4.0% | 2.5% | 0.096 |
| Blue collar worker (n=467) | 8.0% | 7.2% | 6.4% | 6.1% | 8.6% | |
| White collar worker (n=593) | 8.9% | 8.6% | 9.9% | 9.1% | 9.7% | |
| Diseases/disorders at baseline | ||||||
| Cardiovascular diseases* (n=653) | 15.0% | 11.3% | 9.9% | 6.9% | 6.9% | <0.001 |
| Musculoskeletal disorders† (n=556) | 9.5% | 9.0% | 9.1% | 7.7% | 8.0% | 0.163 |
| Mental disorders‡ (n=49) | 0.7% | 1.2% | 0.8% | 0.4% | 0.7% | 0.138 |
| Other chronic diseases§ (n=431) | 8.0% | 7.0% | 6.4% | 5.8% | 5.7% | 0.017 |
| Reasons for disability pension | ||||||
| Any reason (n=790) | 15.2% | 12.9% | 12.6% | 10.7% | 9.0% | <0.001 |
| Cardiovascular diseases (n=219) | 6.4% | 3.4% | 2.9% | 2.5% | 2.1% | |
| Musculoskeletal disorders (n=312) | 5.0% | 5.4% | 5.7% | 4.4% | 3.4% | |
| Mental disorders (n=108) | 2.0% | 1.9% | 2.3% | 1.7% | 2.2% | |
| Other reasons¶ (n=151) | 1.8% | 2.4% | 1.7% | 2.1% | 1.3% | |