Pulmonary function measurement | Change in mean pulmonary function value (95% CI)* | ||
---|---|---|---|
Age, gender, height, and race-ethnicity | Socioeconomic indicators† | Housing and geographic factors‡ | |
*Residual values calculated as observed minus expected values. Expected values derived from Hankinson equations based on age, gender, race-ethnicity (white, African-American, Mexican American), and height. | |||
†Socioeconomic indicators: educational attainment and poverty-income ratio. | |||
‡Housing and geographic factors: age of home (<1946, 1946–73, 1974+, or unknown), urban versus rural location, geographic location (northeast, south, midwest, west), residence with ⩾1 smokers (versus none), gas heating system (versus other fuel). | |||
Results based on linear regression analysis. Results in each column also control for covariates in previous column. | |||
FEV1 (ml) | 21 (−5 to 48) | 27 (−0.8 to 54) | 13 (−15 to 41) |
FVC (ml) | 0.8 (−28 to 29) | 7 (−23 to 36) | −14 (−48 to 21) |
FEV1/FVC ratio (%) | 0.52 (0.09 to 0.95) | 0.50 (0.05 to 0.95) | 0.58 (0.15 to 1.01) |
FEF25%–75% (ml/s) | 86 (20 to 151) | 90 (22 to 159) | 82 (19 to 145) |