Possible pathways relating to paternal occupation exposures
| Classification | Relevant period | Postulated mechanisms |
|---|---|---|
| Acute | 3 Months before conception | Mutagenesis of germ cells |
| First and second trimester of pregnancy | Toxin in seminal fluids, and mothers' contamination after intercourse | |
| Home contamination (working clothes, equipment) leading to exposure of mother during pregnancy | ||
| Non-acute | Lifelong before conception | Potential storage of chemicals |
| Stem cell damage |