All studies |
Cohort | 1.22 | 0.92 to 1.62 | p=0.001 (8df)* | 1.17 [181]† | 1.01 to 1.35 |
Surveillance | 1.11 | 1.04 to 1.19 | p=0.33 (10df) | 1.11 [838] | 1.04 to 1.19 |
Case-control | 1.08 | 0.98 to 1.20 | p=0.10 (20df) | | |
Total group | 1.12 | 1.05 to 1.19 | p=0.06 (40df) | 1.12 [1019] | 1.05 to 1.19 |
| | | | | |
Cohort‡ | 1.16 | 0.99 to 1.36 | p=0.90 (7df) | 1.14 [175]† | 0.98 to 1.32 |
Total group‡ | 1.11 | 1.05 to 1.17 | p=0.30 (39df) | 1.11 [1013] | 1.04 to 1.18 |
|
Studies with better quality exposure information |
Cohort | 1.23 | 0.89 to 1.69 | p=0.003 (5df) | 1.18 [152] | 1.00 to 1.38 |
Surveillance | 1.11 | 0.99 to 1.24 | p=0.34 (9df) | 1.10 [328] | 0.98 to 1.23 |
Case-control | 1.31 | 1.08 to 1.59 | p=0.38 (7df) | | |
Total group | 1.17 | 1.05 to 1.31 | p=0.02 (23df) | 1.12 [480] | 1.02 to 1.22 |
| | | | | |
Cohort ‡ | 1.16 | 0.98 to 1.37 | p=0.66 (4df) | 1.14 [146] | 0.96 to 1.34 |
Total group‡ | 1.16 | 1.06 to 1.26 | p=0.45 (22df) | 1.11 [474] | 1.01 to 1.21 |
|
Large studies with better quality exposure information (standard error <0.3) |
Total group | 1.13 | 1.04 to 1.24 | p=0.25 (9df) | 1.10 [435] | 1.00 to 1.21 |
|
Total group results by control for smoking |
All studies, smoking control | 1.11 | 0.96 to 1.29 | p=0.07 (15df) | | |
Better studies, smoking control | 1.40 | 1.15 to 1.72 | p=0.78 (4df) | | |
Better studies, no smoking control | 1.46 | 1.19 to 1.77 | p=0.61 (4df) | | |
|
Total group results for better exposure quality studies by outcome measure |
Mortality‡ | 1.20 | 1.02 to 1.41 | p=0.54 (11df) | 1.17 [164] | 1.00 to 1.36 |
Incidence | 1.14 | 1.04 to 1.26 | p=0.28 (10df) | 1.08 [310] | 0.96 to 1.21 |