Parkinsonism prevalence ratios (PRs) by tertiles of years of exposure related to pesticides
| Factor | PR (95% CI) of parkinsonism4-152 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tertile 1 | Unadjusted | Adjusted4-150 | |||||
| Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | Tertile 2 | Tertile 3 | ||||
| Use of well water | 1.0 | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.7) | 1.3 (0.6 to 2.7) | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.5) | 1.0 (0.5 to 2.1) | ||
| Farm employment | 1.0 | 1.1 (0.6 to 1.9) | 1.3 (0.7 to 2.3) | 1.1 (0.6 to 1.9) | 1.0 (0.6 to 1.7) | ||
| Any pesticides | 1.0 | 1.8 (0.9 to 3.8) | 2.5 (1.3 to 5.2) 4-151 | 1.9 (0.9 to 4.0) | 2.0 (1.0 to 4.2) | ||
| Any insecticides | 1.0 | 1.2 (0.6 to 2.5) | 2.0 (1.0 to 3.7) 4-151 | 1.2 (0.6 to 2.4) | 1.7 (0.9 to 3.3) | ||
| Any herbicides | 1.0 | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.6) | 1.5 (0.7 to 3.0) | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.5) | 1.7 (0.9 to 3.2) | ||
| Any fungicides | 1.0 | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.7) | 1.2 (0.6 to 2.4) | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.4) | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.5) | ||
| Any carbamates | 1.0 | 0.5 (0.2 to 1.2) | 0.5 (0.2 to 1.0) | 0.5 (0.2 to 1.2) | 0.6 (0.3 to 1.2) | ||
| Any organophosphates | 1.0 | 1.2 (0.7 to 2.2) | 0.9 (0.4 to 1.7) | 1.3 (0.7 to 2.3) | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.5) | ||
| Any organochlorines | 1.0 | 1.7 (0.9 to 3.2) | 0.8 (0.4 to 1.7) | 1.3 (0.7 to 2.4) | 0.7 (0.4 to 1.4) | ||
| Any dithiocarbamates | 1.0 | 0.7 (0.3 to 2.0) | 0.7 (0.2 to 1.9) | 0.6 (0.2 to 1.6) | 0.6 (0.2 to 1.7) | ||
| Azinphos methyl | 1.0 | 0.4 (0.2 to 1.1) | 0.4 (0.2 to 1.1) | 0.5 (0.2 to 1.0) | 0.6 (0.3 to 1.4) | ||
| DDT | 1.0 | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.6) | 1.6 (0.8 to 3.2) | 0.6 (0.3 to 1.3) | 1.3 (0.7 to 2.6) | ||
| Diazinon | 1.0 | 1.0 (0.5 to 1.9) | 1.0 (0.5 to 2.0) | 1.0 (0.5 to 2.0) | 1.1 (0.6 to 2.2) | ||
| Lead arsenate | 1.0 | 1.8 (0.6 to 5.6) | 3.6 (1.3 to 9.8) 4-151 | 1.1 (0.4 to 2.8) | 1.4 (0.6 to 3.4) | ||
| Methyl parathion | 1.0 | 1.0 (0.4 to 2.3) | 1.2 (0.5 to 2.7) | 1.0 (0.4 to 2.4) | 1.2 (0.5 to 2.8) | ||
| Paraquat | 1.0 | 0.5 (0.2 to 1.7) | 1.2 (0.5 to 3.2) | 0.4 (0.1 to 1.4) | 0.9 (0.4 to 2.4) | ||
| TEPP | 1.0 | 1.8 (0.4 to 8.8) | 2.6 (0.6 to 11.4) | 1.4 (0.4 to 5.2) | 2.0 (0.6 to 6.9) | ||
| Ziram | 1.0 | 0.8 (0.3 to 2.2) | 0.7 (0.3 to 1.9) | 0.6 (0.2 to 1.6) | 0.6 (0.2 to 1.7) | ||
↵4-150 Adjusted for age and pack-years of smoking.
↵4-151 Test of trend for tertiles 1–3 significant at p<0.05.
↵4-152 Restricted to subjects with the particular exposure;
Tertiles 1, 2, and 3, respectively (n): use of well water: 53, 58, 56; farm employment: 89, 99, 80; pesticides: 79, 83, 76; insecticides: 75, 80, 80; herbicides: 60, 73, 51; fungicides: 57, 63, 57; carbamates: 58, 40, 59; organophosphates: 71, 87, 70; organochlorines: 75, 67, 76; dithiocarbamates: 39, 33, 36; azinphos methyl: 43, 48, 41; DDT: 47, 81, 59; diazinon: 63, 65, 62; lead arsenate: 33, 32, 30; methyl parathion: 46, 54, 50; paraquat: 33, 42, 36; TEPP: 19, 21, 22; ziram: 37, 29, 33;
Range of values (y) for tertiles 1, 2, and 3, respectively: use of well water: 1–25, 26–60, 61–89; farm employment: 1–32, 33–50, 51–80; pesticides: 1–33, 34–51, 52–81; insecticides: 1–31, 32–48, 49–76; herbicides: 1–17, 18–27, 28–55; fungicides: 1–23, 24–37, 38–73; carbamates: 1–15, 16–25, 26–41; organophosphates: 1–25, 26–37, 38–51; organochlorines: 1–19, 20–31, 32–55; dithiocarbamates: 1–12, 13–22, 23–57; azinphos methyl: 1–15, 16–25, 26–40; DDT: 1–13, 14–20, 21–51; diazinon: 1–10, 11–20, 21–45; lead arsenate: 1–20, 21–27, 28–44; methyl parathion: 1–10, 11–20, 21–45; paraquat: 1–10, 11–20, 21–39; TEPP: 1–7, 8–14, 15–51; ziram: 1–12, 13–22, 23–57.