Table 1

Numbers of opreations, event rates, and use of hands-free technique overall and in various categories of surgery

Number of operationsNumber (%) of events*Use (%) of hands-free technique
*All reported percutaneous injuries, contaminations, and glove tears were used. There were 144 events but the proportion of hands-free use was recorded for only 143.
687 8 (1.2%)100%
825 25 (3.0%)75%
1311 81 (6.2%)50%
458 8 (3.9%)25%
274 11 (4.0%)0%
Overall
    Number3765143 (3.8%)(42.0%)
Surgical specialty
    General992 33 (3.3%)(48.0%)
    Other975 20 (2.1%)(48.0%)
    Orthopaedic1156 14 (1.2%)(42.0%)
    Cardiothoracic and cerebrovascular639 77 (12.1%)(22.0%)
Number of personnel in operating theatre
    1–52271 47 (2.1%)(47.0%)
    More than 51494 97 (6.5%)(34.0%)
Duration of surgery
    1 hour or less1499 7 (0.5%)(47.0%)
    1–2 hours1261 37 (2.9%)(45.0%)
    More than 2 hours995100 (10.1%)(30.0%)
Blood loss
    100 ml or less2350 34 (1.4%)(46.0%)
    Greater than 100 ml1391109 (7.8%)(36.0%)
Shift
    Days2989126 (4.2%)(45.0%)
    Evenings/nights776 18 (2.3%)(31.0%)
Emergency
    Yes352 4 (3.9%)(32.0%)
    No3334127 (3.8%)(43.0%)
Noise level (judged by circulating nurse)
    Quiet1597 58 (3.6%)(45.0%)
    Noisier2032 83 (4.1%)(39.0%)