Association between low back complaints and exposure to pushing and pulling over 50 kg
| Trouble (ache, pain, discomfort) | High pain intensity | High disability | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Crude and adjusted prevalence rate ratios for pushing and pulling (and 95% CI) are presented. Prevalence rate ratios were estimated in three separate regression models for each of the three dimensions of complaints. Adjusted prevalence rate ratios were estimated using multivariate models (all included confounding factors and corresponding adjusted prevalence rate ratios are presented in the corresponding column). Gender and age were a priori forced into the models. | |||
| Crude prevalence rate ratios | |||
| Reference group | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Medium exposed group | 1.04 (0.80 to 1.37) | 0.98 (0.61 to 1.60) | 0.96 (0.43 to 2.11) |
| High exposed group | 1.02 (0.76 to 1.37) | 1.35 (0.83 to 2.18) | 2.15 (1.05 to 4.41) |
| Adjusted prevalence rate ratios | |||
| Reference group | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Medium exposed group | 1.05 (0.78 to 1.41) | 0.99 (0.59 to 1.66) | 0.83 (0.33 to 2.07) |
| High exposed group | 1.42 (0.96 to 2.10) | 2.15 (1.08 to 4.27) | 2.25 (0.71 to 7.10) |
| Confounding factors | |||
| Gender | |||
| Men | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Women | 1.45 (1.07 to 1.96) | 1.73 (1.03 to 2.90) | 1.31 (0.58 to 2.99) |
| Age | 1.00 (0.99 to 1.01) | 1.01 (0.99 to 1.03) | 1.01 (0.97 to 1.04) |
| Driving | |||
| Reference group | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Medium exposed | 0.81 (0.56 to 1.17) | 0.68 (0.35 to 1.34) | 0.64 (0.21 to 1.98) |
| High exposed | 0.94 (0.61 to 1.45) | 1.07 (0.51 to 2.27) | 0.90 (0.26 to 3.14) |
| Decision authority | |||
| High | – | – | 1.00 |
| Low | – | – | 1.40 (0.69 to 2.85) |
| Skill discretion | |||
| High | – | – | 1.00 |
| Low | – | – | 1.01 (0.52 to 1.96) |
| Psychosocial work demands | |||
| Low | – | – | 1.00 |
| High | – | – | 2.54 (1.23 to 5.26) |
| Supervisor support | |||
| High | – | – | 1.00 |
| Low | – | – | 1.70 (0.86 to 3.33) |