Summary of the results of studies on effects of occupational exposure to DCP on renal or liver variables
| Study groups | Exposure | Sampling for BEM | Effects | Reference | ||||
| 15 Male applicators | PM: median 1.70 mg/m3 | Morning before exposure, noon, end of afternoon, late evening, and next morning urine; total 73 samples | Higher excretion rate of NAG in applicators with cumulative DCP in air >700 mg.min/m3 orcis-DCP-MA >1.5 mg/day | 1 | ||||
| range 0.3–9.4 mg/m3 | ||||||||
| cis-DCP andtrans-DCP | ||||||||
| 16 Male applicators | PM: median 1.70 mg/m3 | Morning before exposure, noon, end of afternoon, late evening, and next morning urine; total 73 samples | Higher excretion rate of RBP in applicators withcis-DCP-MA >1.5 mg/day; ALB not changed | 11 | ||||
| range 0.3–9.4 mg/m3 | ||||||||
| cis-DCP andtrans-DCP | ||||||||
| 14 Male applicators | PM: median 3.7 mg/m3 | Before and after the fumigation season, urine and serum samples | After season RBP and ALB increased, Creat-S decreased; no changes in β2M-S, β2M-U, AAP, β-galactosidase decrease of TBIL in combination with increase in GGT; no changes in ALP, ASAT, ALAT, lactate dehydrogenase | 2 | ||||
| range 1.9–18.9 mg/m3 | ||||||||
| peak values up to 195 mg/m3 | ||||||||
| cis-DCP andtrans-DCP | ||||||||
| 13 Male applicators; 22 matched controls | Based on BM data: geometric mean 2.7 mg/m3 range 0.1–9.5 mg/m3 peak values up to 15 mg/m3 cis-DCP | Before, during and after the fumigation season, 8×urine and 5×serum samples | No differences in AAP, NAG, RBP, ALB, β2M-S, and Creat-S between exposed and controls; no dose-effect relations. Lower βOHC/COR in the exposed group; No differences in ALAT, ASAT, ALP, GGT, and TBIL between exposed and controls; no dose-effect relation | Current study | ||||
PM = personal monitoring; BM = biological monitoring; BEM = biological effect monitoring.