Table 3

Factors predicting the incidence of shoulder pain: logistic regression models

PredictorAdjusted for age and sexMultivariable modelp Value
OR95% CIOR95% CI
Individual factors:
 Age (y)0.004
  <351.0
  35–441.20.8 to 2.0
  45–541.81.1 to 2.8
  ⩾552.61.4 to 4.7
  Sex0.18
  Male1.0
  Female1.30.9 to 1.8
 Body mass index (kg/m2)0.001
  <231.01.0
  23.0–25.91.10.8 to 1.71.10.7 to 1.7
  26.0–28.91.81.2 to 2.61.71.1 to 2.6
  ⩾29.02.11.4 to 3.32.21.4 to 3.6
 Mental stress0.11
  Not at all1.01.0
  Only little1.40.9 to 2.01.30.8 to 2.0
  To some extent1.71.1 to 2.51.51.0 to 2.4
  Rather much or much2.11.3 to 3.51.91.1 to 3.3
 Jogging0.012
  Not at all or only little1.01.0
  Moderately0.80.5 to 1.40.70.4 to 1.2
  Actively0.40.2 to 0.90.30.1 to 0.8
 Dancing0.087
  Not at all or only little1.01.0
  Moderately1.71.1 to 2.51.61.0 to 2.5
  Actively1.30.8 to 2.11.40.8 to 2.5
Work related factors:
 Physical strenuousness of work0.004
  Not at all or rather light1.01.0
  Somewhat strenuous1.71.2 to 2.31.61.1 to 2.3
  Rather or very strenuous2.41.7 to 3.42.01.3 to 3.1
 Working with a hand above shoulder level (h/day)0.57
  <1/21.01.0
  1/2–11.41.0 to 2.01.10.8 to 1.6
  >11.81.3 to 2.61.30.8 to 1.9
 Working with the trunk flexed forward (h/day)0.044
  <1/21.01.0
  1/2–12.11.5 to 3.01.71.2 to 2.5
  1–21.51.0 to 2.41.20.7 to 2.0
  >22.31.6 to 3.21.60.9 to 2.6
 Twisting movements of the trunk during a workday
  Not at all1.0
  Little or moderately2.91.3 to 6.7
  Much5.12.1 to 12.3
 Working in sitting position (h/day)
  <21.0
  2–40.70.5 to 1.0
  >40.70.5 to 0.9
 Working with rotated neck (h/day)
  <1/21.0
  1/2–11.31.0 to 1.9
  >11.61.2 to 2.2