Univariate and multivariate analysis of the association between variables of physical exposure at work and neck pain
| Work related physical exposures (% of working time) | Confounders (as well as sex and age) included in the multivariate analysis | Neck pain | No neck pain |
Crude RR3-151
(95% CI) | Adjusted RR3-152 (95% CI) | Subcohort, no change in work3-153Adjusted RR (95% CI) |
| Neck flexion ⩾20° | Neck rotation (work) | |||||
| <60% time | Sitting posture (work) | 120 | 754 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 60%–70% time | Driving a vehicle (work) | 10 | 35 | 1.62 (0.85–3.09) | 1.21 (0.58–2.53) | 1.76 (0.78–3.94) |
| >70% time | Video display terminal work (leisure time) | 8 | 21 | 2.01 (0.98–4.11) | 1.63 (0.70–3.82) | 1.66 (0.57–4.81) |
| Activities with hands above shoulder level (leisure time) | ||||||
| Activities in the same posture for a long time (leisure time) | ||||||
| Quantitative job demands | ||||||
| Neck flexion ⩾45° | Neck rotation (work) | |||||
| <5% time | Sitting posture (work) | 95 | 606 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 5%–10% time | Driving a vehicle (leisure time) | 28 | 145 | 1.19 (0.78–1.82) | 1.27 (0.81–1.97) | 1.16 (0.66–2.04) |
| >10% time | Activities with hands above shoulder level (leisure time) | 15 | 59 | 1.50 (0.87–2.58) | 1.16 (0.62–2.17) | 1.30 (0.61–2.76) |
| Force exertion with hands or arms (leisure time) | ||||||
| Neck rotation ⩾45° | Neck flexion (work) | |||||
| <25% time | Sitting posture (work) | 117 | 703 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 25%–30% time | 15 | 64 | 1.33 (0.78–2.28) | 1.40 (0.81–2.43) | 1.25 (0.61–2.55) | |
| >30% time | 6 | 43 | 0.86 (0.38–1.95) | 0.98 (0.42–2.26) | 1.13 (0.41–3.17) | |
| Sitting | Driving a vehicle (work) | |||||
| <1% time | Frequent flexion or rotation of the upper part of the body (work) | 24 | 203 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1%–50% time | Neck flexion (work) | 58 | 331 | 1.41 (0.88–2.27) | 1.25 (0.75–2.09) | 1.79 (0.86–3.74) |
| 50%–75%time | Neck rotation (work) | 8 | 37 | 1.68 (0.76–3.74) | 1.43 (0.59–3.50) | 1.85 (0.56–6.11) |
| 75%–95% time | Force exertion with hands or arms (leisure time) | 34 | 187 | 1.46 (0.86–2.45) | 1.29 (0.71–2.37) | 1.58 (0.68–3.63) |
| >95% time | Driving a vehicle (leisure time) | 14 | 52 | 2.01 (1.04–3.88)3-150 | 2.34 (1.05–5.21)3-150 | 3.28 (1.22–8.81)3-150 |
| Quantitative job demands | ||||||
| Decision latitude |