Associations between potential risk factors in 1993 and incident and chronic low back pain in 1997, in 1979–92, and in 1993; age adjusted and weighted analyses by sex
| Potential risk factors | Incident low back pain | Chronic low back pain | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Actual study group OR | Estimated full study group weighted OR | Actual study group OR | Estimated full study group weighted OR | ||||||
| Exposure | Health | Exposure +health | Exposure | Health | Exposure +health | ||||
| Women: | |||||||||
| High perceived workload | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.8 | |
| Shift work | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.0 | |
| Job strain | 2.3 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 1.7 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 1.7 | |
| Few possibilities to gain new knowledge | 2.6 | 2.9 | 2.5 | 2.6 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | |
| Men: | |||||||||
| Whole body vibrations | 2.0 | 1.9 | 2.0 | 1.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | |
| Work with hands below knee level | 1.9 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 4.5 | 4.5 | 4.4 | 4.5 | |
| Lifting 5–15 kg | 4.0 | 4.0 | 3.9 | 3.8 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 3.6 | |
| High perceived workload | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.7 | |
OR=odds ratio, adjusted for age.