Table 4

Results of the Q16 in different studies of workers exposed to solvents and controls

Authors		Year		Exposed				Controls		Significant results^4-151
Authors		Year		n	Q16 score (mean (SD))			n	Q16 score (mean (SD))	Significant results^4-151
Hogstedt et al ³	1980	229	4.3^4-150		179	1.8^4-150	Yes
Anselm Olson⁴	1982	47	3.3 (2.5)^4-150		47	2.4 (2.2)^4-150	Yes
Cherry et al ⁵	1985	198	3.7 (3.5)		93	2.6 (3.2)	Yes
Ekberg et al 15	1986	50	3.1^4-150		50	0.6^4-150	Yes
Flodin et al 16	1989	17	8.0^4-150		—	—	Yes
Bolla et al ⁶	1990	187	1 (median)		—	—	No
Ng et al 17	1990	78	2.9 (3.1)		145	1.9 (2.4)	Yes
Ng et al 18	1992	15	5.7 (4.0)		15	1.9 (2.9)	Yes
Spurgeon et al ⁷		1992	90	3.4 (3.1)		90	3.1 (2.9)	No
Spurgeon et al ⁷		1992	144	3.5 (2.6)		144	2.6 (2.7)	Yes
Edling et al 19	1993	20	3.1 (2.9)		20	1.5 (1.8)	Yes
Williamson and Winder20	1993	43	2.6 (2.5)		44	2.3 (2.6)	No
Spurgeon et al 21	1994	110	3.2 (2.6)		110	2.9 (2.8)	No
Bolla et al 22	1995	144	1.9 (2.2)		52	2.1 (2.6)	No
Pauling and Ogden23	1996	40	—		10	—	Yes
Bergamaschi et al 24	1997	46	2.1 (2.1)		30	2.3 (2.3)	No
Edling et al 25	1997	17	9.5 (3.1)		—	—	Yes
Friis et al 26	1997	35	—		143	2.3 (2.8)	Yes
Lundberg et al ⁸	1997	135	2.4 / 3.6 / 5.3^4-150		71	2.4^4-150	Yes
Chen et al 27	1999	260	5.3^4-150		539	3.8^4-150	Yes
Chen et al 28	1999	109	8.4^4-150		255	4.3^4-150	Yes

↵4-150 The authors did not specify the mean value of the Q16 results, therefore the values had to be either calculated or estimated.
↵4-151 Significantly higher Q16 results in exposed workers than in controls or other significant results according to this hypothesis.