Summary of research concerning metarecovery
| 1st author and year | F/M (n) | Job nature (I, II, or III), + job title or sport | Experimental condition | Baseline value (a, b, c, or d) | Hormone (A, NA, or C) | Bodily fluid (B, U, or S) | Time of measurement | Outcome (↑=increase ↓=decrease ≅=no change) | Controlled variables | |||||||||
| Aronsson 198773 | 13 F | III | 7 y Follow up of VDU workers: | T0: d | A | U | Day time versus | 1977: | ||||||||||
| Johansson 198477 | Insurance employees | at T0: group high % VDU work (n=11) | T1: — | NA | Evening after work | A: day/ evening ↑ | ||||||||||||
| v group low % VDU group (n=10) | And E ↑ C | |||||||||||||||||
| T1: n=13, no difference | NA: workday ↓ | |||||||||||||||||
| Evening ≅ | ||||||||||||||||||
| E ≅ C | ||||||||||||||||||
| 1984: E ↑ C | ||||||||||||||||||
| Bassett 198775 | 11 F | II | 9 Days collection of urine during flight (Sydney > LA, rest, and return flight) | d | C | U | Rest days in LA | E ↑ C | Time of day | |||||||||
| 17 M | E: Aircraft cabin crew | |||||||||||||||||
| C: Other occupations | ||||||||||||||||||
| Berk 199015 | 9 M | I | Marathon run in laboratory | a | A | B | 1.5 / 6 / 21 h After | 1.5 h: A/NA ≅ | Dietary intake, time of day | |||||||||
| Nieman 198916 | 1 F | Marathon runners | NA | 1.5 h: C ↑ | ||||||||||||||
| C | 6 / 21 h: C ↓ | |||||||||||||||||
| Carstensen 199418 | 8 | III | Cold pressure study (5 min hand immersion in ice water) | a | A | B: | 120 Min after test | A: ≅ | ||||||||||
| Students | NA | (a) Plasma | NA: ↑ a | |||||||||||||||
| (b)Platelet s | : ≅ b | |||||||||||||||||
| Filaire 199622 | 31 F | I | In 24 h (a training day), 6 samples of saliva cortisol were measured. Three groups were compared. | a | C | S | 12 h After training | Handball ↑ | ||||||||||
| Handball players | ||||||||||||||||||
| Swimmers + controls | ||||||||||||||||||
| Fox 199376 199577 | 136 F | II | 2 Working days | b | C | S | 2/3 h After work | ↑ | Time of day, caffeine intake | |||||||||
| Nurses | ||||||||||||||||||
| Frankenhaeuser 198978 | 30 M | III | 1 Working day and consecutive evening | c | A | U | Mean values workday + evening | During work: | Diseases, caffeine, alcohol and medicine intake, nicotine usage, time of day | |||||||||
| 30 F | Managers or clerical workers | 1 Day off; managers compared with clerical workers, men compared to women | NA | Day off | A ↑ | |||||||||||||
| C | NA ≅ | |||||||||||||||||
| C M > F | ||||||||||||||||||
| Evening: | ||||||||||||||||||
| A/NA ↓ whole group | ||||||||||||||||||
| NA ↑ in F managers | ||||||||||||||||||
| Häkkinen 199327 | 10 M | I | Heavy resistance training leg extensors: | a | C | B | 2 h After | A: ≅ | Time of day, food intake | |||||||||
| Power lifters, body builders, weight lifters | (A) Maximal (20×1RM×100%) | d | 12/36 h After | B: ↑ | ||||||||||||||
| (B) Submaximal (10×10×70%) | A/B: ≅ | |||||||||||||||||
| Hartley 199479 | 3 M | II | Inward and outward trip (total 6 days): 2 up v solo driver | c | A | U | 24 h (Rest day between inward and outward journey) | A/NA: ↑ solo driver | Time of day | |||||||||
| 2 M | Lorry drivers | NA | ||||||||||||||||
| Heitkamp 199628 | 10 F | I | (A) Maximal test treadmill | a | C | B | B: 120 Min after | B: 120 min ↑ | Time of day, food intake | |||||||||
| Marathon runners | (B) Non-competitive marathon run | b | 24 h After | 24 h ↓ | ||||||||||||||
| Korunka 199680 | 14 M | III | 3 Measurements of workday free day: before, during, and 1 y after implementation of new technologies | d | A | U | Day off | A: : W ≅ F | Caffeine and nicotine intake, time of day | |||||||||
| Office worker | NA | NA: : W ≅ F | ||||||||||||||||
| C | C:work morning ↑ | |||||||||||||||||
| Lac 199736 | 5 M | I | 30 Min submaximal cycle ergometer test. | d | C | S | 1 h 30 min, 5 h After test | ↑ 1 h 30 min | Time of day (1000) | |||||||||
| 4 F | Sports students | ≅ 5 h | ||||||||||||||||
| Lundberg 198981 | 20 M | II | During 2 h work on 2 days compared with rest day | d | A | U | Work day vRest day | ↑ A / NA | Same 2 h during workdays and rest day | |||||||||
| Assembly line workers | NA | ≅ C | ||||||||||||||||
| C | ||||||||||||||||||
| Lundberg 199370 | 30 M | III | Two laboratory VDT tests (a stimulating self-paces learning task vmachine-paced repetitive data entry task) va day off | a | A | U | Testdayv rest day | A: ↑ learning | Time of day (0830) | |||||||||
| Students | NA | ≅ Data entry | ||||||||||||||||
| C | NA ↑ both tests | |||||||||||||||||
| C: ≅ both tests | ||||||||||||||||||
| Odagiri 199649 | 21 M | I | Measurements before and after a triathlon were performed | d | C | B | One day after triathlon | ≅ | Time of day , 2 days before test and one day after triathlon | |||||||||
| Triathlon athletes | ||||||||||||||||||
| Sagnol 198971 | 6 M | I | Ultralong run (24 h) | d | A | B | 24 h After test | A: ≅ | Time of day (1000) | |||||||||
| 1 F | Long distance runners | NA | NA: ↑ | |||||||||||||||
| Sagnol 199072 | 6 M | I | Triathlon | d | A | B | 24 h, 48 h After test | A: ↑ 24 h, ↓48 h | Time of day (1000) | |||||||||
| Triathlon athletes | NA | NA: ↑ 24 h, : | ||||||||||||||||
| ≅ 48 h | ||||||||||||||||||
| Sluiter 199858 | 10 M | III | A long distance trip of three (1,2,3) workdays/nights and one consecutive day off (4) was compared to a (2nd day off) baseline day (5). Overall means (M) and separate samples were compared to baseline | d | A | U | After work day 2 (14, 17 h), | A: ↓ M4 to M5, | Alcohol, caffeine, nicotine intake | |||||||||
| Long distance coach drivers | NA | day 3 (17, 20, 23 h), | (2: 14,17; 3:23) | |||||||||||||||
| C | And day 4 | ≅(3:17,20) | ||||||||||||||||
| NA: ↓ (2:14) | ||||||||||||||||||
| ≅ M4 | ||||||||||||||||||
| C: : ↓ M4 to M2,3 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Strobel 199359 | 28 M | I | An incremental treadmill test to exhaustion was assessed. Plasma free catecholamines and sulphated catecholamines were measured | a | A | B | 2 h After test R, C | A ≅ | Food, alcohol, and caffeine intake, time of day | |||||||||
| Long distance runners (R) | NA | 24 h After test T | As ≅ | |||||||||||||||
| Triathletes (T) | NA ≅ | |||||||||||||||||
| Controls (C) | NAs ↑ R C | |||||||||||||||||
| Tanaka 199262 | 9 M | III | Three groups were compared: | a | A | U | 2 h After test | A: ↑ (1,2) | Time of day (0900), lasted for 2 h followed by a rest period of 2 h | |||||||||
| 9 F | Students | (1) VDT word search task with large print, | NA | NA: ↑ (2) | ||||||||||||||
| (2) VDT word search task with small print, | ||||||||||||||||||
| (3) Reference hard copy word search task | ||||||||||||||||||
| Van der Beek 199563 | 32 M | II | One work day and evening were assessed | d | A | U | Sampled 20, 23 h | A ↑ | Coffee, alchohol, and medication intake | |||||||||
| Lorry drivers | NA | NA ↑ | ||||||||||||||||
Footnotes as for table 1.