Table 4
Regression coefficients for predictors of adult female offspring height, weight and body mass index (repeated measurements
in 2001/02 and 2006/07) derived from repeated measurement models adjusting for having the same mother (within-family effect)†
| Height (cm) | Weight (kg) | BMI (kg/m2) | ||||
| Number of mothers = 101, number of participants = 169, number of observations = 267 | Number of mothers = 101, number of participants = 169, number of observations = 267 | Number of mothers = 101, number of participants = 169, number of observations = 267 | ||||
| Estimate | Standard error | Estimate | Standard error | Estimate | Standard error | |
| Maternal DDE (μg/l) | ||||||
| 1.503–2.9‡ | 1.17 | 0.82 | 5.93* | 1.79 | 1.65* | 0.33 |
| >2.9 | 1.29 | 1.05 | 9.22* | 3.06 | 2.88* | 0.92 |
| Maternal PCB (μg/l) | ||||||
| 0.05–1.94§ | −0.10 | 0.88 | 0.93 | 2.35 | −0.39 | 0.74 |
| >1.94 | −1.51 | 1.50 | 2.29 | 3.43 | 1.28 | 1.18 |
| Maternal height (cm) | 0.07 | 0.26 | – | – | – | – |
| Maternal BMI (kg/m2) | – | – | 1.59* | 0.73 | 0.56* | 0.25 |
| Breastfed as a child (%) | −0.30 | 0.54 | 2.73 | 2.44 | 1.21 | 0.95 |
| Birth weight of the offspring¶ | ||||||
| <2500 g | −0.01 | 0.01 | −5.47* | 0.98 | −2.07* | 0.37 |
| >4000 g | 4.89 | 2.47 | 5.30 | 6.30 | 0.29 | 1.78 |
| Height of the offspring (cm) | – | – | 0.055 | 0.34 | – | – |
| Age of the adult female offspring (years) | – | – | 1.02* | 0.18 | 0.39* | 0.07 |
| Number of offspring’s pregnancies** | ||||||
| 1 | – | – | 2.44 | 2.74 | 1.13 | 0.93 |
| 2 | – | – | 0.31 | 3.28 | 0.14 | 1.20 |
| 3 or more | – | – | 0.40 | 3.26 | 0.29 | 1.12 |
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*p⩽0.05.
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†Each outcome is adjusted for all other variables in the model; ‡maternal DDE at birth of the offspring of 0 to <1.5 μg/l is the reference; §maternal PCB at birth of the offspring of <0.05 μg/l is the reference; ¶birth weight of 2500–4000 g is the reference; **female offspring without pregnancies serve as the reference.
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BMI, body mass index; DDE, dichlorodiphenyl-dichloroethylene; PCB, polychlorinated biphenyl.
