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Occup Environ Med 65:507-517 doi:10.1136/oem.2007.036046
  • Review

Psychosocial predictors of failure to return to work in non-chronic non-specific low back pain: a systematic review

Table 4 Levels of evidence for constructs as prognostic indicators for work outcome
Construct Evidence level
Recovery expectation + +
Fear avoidance +
Job satisfaction – –
Depression – –
Stress/psychological strain – –
Anxiety
Compensation 0
Locus of control 0
  • ++, Strong evidence is predictor of work outcome; +, moderate evidence is a predictor of work outcome; 0, insufficient evidence is a predictor of work outcome; –, moderate evidence is not a predictor of work outcome; – –, strong evidence is not a predictor of work outcome.

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