Table 5
Association between score indicator of traffic pollution exposure and respiratory diseases, by smoking habit
| n | Chronic bronchitis or emphysema | Asthma | Rhinitis | ||||
| % | OR (95% CI) | % | OR (95% CI) | % | OR (95% CI) | ||
| All study population | |||||||
| Very low | 2175 | 4.2 | 1.00 | 4.6 | 1.00 | 10.9 | 1.00 |
| Low | 2131 | 4.5 | 1.05 (0.77 to 1.44) | 5.4 | 1.23 (0.92 to 1.64) | 12.6 | 1.14 (0.94 to 1.38) |
| Intermediate | 2668 | 4.1 | 0.94 (0.69 to 1.27) | 5.0 | 1.11 (0.83 to 1.48) | 13.9 | 1.22 (1.01 to 1.46) |
| High | 2322 | 4.1 | 0.93 (0.68 to 1.28) | 4.9 | 1.07 (0.79 to 1.44) | 14.3 | 1.28 (1.06 to 1.54) |
| p trend | 0.513 | 0.887 | 0.009 | ||||
| Non-smokers | |||||||
| Very low | 1279 | 3.0 | 1.00 | 4.9 | 1.00 | 11.6 | 1.00 |
| Low | 1242 | 3.2 | 0.99 (0.63 to 1.57) | 6.2 | 1.30 (0.91 to 1.87) | 14.4 | 1.24 (0.97 to 1.58) |
| Intermediate | 1621 | 3.4 | 1.06 (0.68 to 1.64) | 4.9 | 1.01 (0.70 to 1.45) | 16.6 | 1.43 (1.14 to 1.80) |
| High | 1408 | 3.5 | 1.08 (0.69 to 1.69) | 5.6 | 1.19 (0.83 to 1.72) | 16.8 | 1.50 (1.19 to 1.89) |
| p trend | 0.693 | 0.671 | <0.001 | ||||
| Smokers | |||||||
| Very low | 896 | 5.8 | 1.00 | 4.0 | 1.00 | 9.8 | 1.00 |
| Low | 889 | 6.3 | 1.08 (0.71 to 1.65) | 4.4 | 1.09 (0.68 to 1.76) | 10.0 | 0.98 (0.71 to 1.34) |
| Intermediate | 1047 | 5.3 | 0.87 (0.58 to 1.31) | 5.3 | 1.28 (0.81 to 2.03) | 9.7 | 0.88 (0.64 to 1.21) |
| High | 914 | 5.0 | 0.82 (0.53 to 1.27) | 3.7 | 0.85 (0.50 to 1.44) | 10.4 | 0.92 (0.67 to 1.28) |
| p trend | 0.240 | 0.726 | 0.522 | ||||
-
OR, odds ratio adjusted for age, sex, smoking habit and educational level.
