The role of physical workload and pain related fear in the development of low back pain in young workers: evidence from the BelCoBack Study; results after one year of follow up
- A Van Nieuwenhuyse1,
- P R Somville2,
- G Crombez3,
- A Burdorf4,
- G Verbeke5,
- K Johannik7,
- O Van den Bergh6,
- R Masschelein1,
- Ph Mairiaux2,
- G F Moens1,7,
- the BelCoBack Study Group
- 1Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational, Environmental and Insurance Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- 2Occupational Health and Health Education unit, Department of Public Health, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- 3Department of Psychology, University of Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
- 4Department of Public Health, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- 5Department of Public Health, Biostatistical Centre, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- 6Department of Psychology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- 7External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work IDEWE, Leuven, Belgium
- Correspondence to: Dr A Van Nieuwenhuyse Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Department of Public Health, Section of Occupational, Environmental and Insurance Medicine, Kapucijnenvoer 35, 5th floor, 3000 Leuven, Belgium; an.vannieuwenhuyse{at}med.kuleuven.be
- Accepted 15 July 2005
Abstract
Aims: To study the influence of work related physical and psychosocial factors and individual characteristics on the occurrence of low back pain among young and pain free workers.
Methods: The Belgian Cohort Back Study was designed as a prospective cohort study. The study population of this paper consisted of 716 young healthcare or distribution workers without low back pain lasting seven or more consecutive days during the year before inclusion. The median age was 26 years with an interquartile range between 24 and 29 years. At baseline, these workers filled in a questionnaire with physical exposures, work related psychosocial factors and individual characteristics. One year later, the occurrence of low back pain lasting seven or more consecutive days and some of its characteristics were registered by means of a questionnaire. To assess the respective role of predictors at baseline on the occurrence of low back pain in the following year, Cox regression with a constant risk period for all subjects was applied.
Results: After one year of follow up, 12.6% (95% CI 10.1 to 15.0) of the 716 workers had developed low back pain lasting seven or more consecutive days. An increased risk was observed for working with the trunk in a bent and twisted position for more than two hours a day (RR 2.2, 95% CI 1.2 to 4.1), inability to change posture regularly (RR 2.1, 95% CI 1.3 to 3.5), back complaints in the year before inclusion (RR 1.7, 95% CI 1.1 to 2.8), and high scores of pain related fear (RR 1.8, 95% CI 1.0 to 3.1). Work related psychosocial factors and physical factors during leisure time were not predictive.
Conclusion: This study highlighted the importance of physical work factors and revealed the importance of high scores of pain related fear in the development of low back pain among young workers.
- AFexposed, attributable fraction among exposed workers
- AFtotal, attributable fraction among the entire study population
- LBP, low back pain
- MMH, manual materials handling
Footnotes
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Competing interest statement: all authors declare that there are no competing interests.
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Ethics approval: The study protocol was approved by the Commission for Medical Ethics appointed by the College of Physicians No 117 at the External Service for Prevention and Protection at Work IDEWE, Leuven, Belgium. A written, informed consent was given by all included employees prior to their participation in the study.
