Table 4
Linear mixed regression models for individual observations of exposure on clothing layer for body parts with >50% detectable samples: logged dermal exposures (μg/cm2) as response variable (Y), task and subject included as random effects (model A); with task and subject included as random effect and DREAM estimates as fixed effect (model B); and with task and subject included as random effect and detailed DREAMDET estimates as fixed effect (model C)
| Agent | Body part | n* | K† | T‡ | Model | Random effects | Fixed effects β (se) | % of total variance explained by DREAM | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S2TASK | S2BW | S2WW | Intercept (γ00) | γ01⋅LN(DREAMj) | |||||||
| *<0.05; **<0.01; ***<0.001; ****<0.0001. | |||||||||||
| *Number of measurements, >50% of samples should be above limit of detection. | |||||||||||
| †Number of workers. | |||||||||||
| ‡Number of tasks. | |||||||||||
| ¶For this survey the mixed regression models contained the random effect variable “company” in addition to “task” and “subject”. Estimated variance components for company (S2COMPANY) were 10.9 (model A), 6.5 (model B), and 2.3 (model C). | |||||||||||
| CP, cyclophosphamide; DEGBE, di-ethyl-glycol-butyl-ether; OS, organic solvents; MWF, metal working fluids. | |||||||||||
| Between surveys | |||||||||||
| CP, DEGBE, OS | Hands | 134 | 87 | 9 | A | 52.5 | 7.3 | 0.4 | 2.5 (2.4) | ||
| B | 27.5 | 3.2 | 0.7 | 2.0 (1.8) | 1.32 (0.17)**** | 48 | |||||
| C | 12.4 | 1.9 | 0.9 | 3.8 (1.2) | 1.07 (0.10)**** | 75 | |||||
| Within surveys | |||||||||||
| DEGBE¶ | Hands | 50 | 36 | 3 | A | 18.4 | 3.3 | 0.4 | 4.3 (2.7) | ||
| B | 19.7 | 2.9 | 0.5 | 5.0 (2.7) | 0.68 (0.25)* | 10 | |||||
| C | 6.7 | 1.7 | 1.4 | 6.0 (1.7) | 0.84 (0.19)*** | 56 | |||||
| OS | Hands | 61 | 33 | 4 | A | 1.5 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 7.0 (0.6) | ||
| B | 1.5 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 7.1 (0.9) | −0.03 (0.23) | 0 | |||||
| C | 1.3 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 6.7 (0.8) | 0.12 (0.22) | 13 | |||||
| Between surveys | |||||||||||
| CP, MWF, OS | Legs | 124 | 82 | 10 | A | 58.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 4.0 (2.4) | ||
| B | 47.3 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 3.9 (2.2) | 0.22 (0.05)**** | 19 | |||||
| C | 40.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 4.2 (2.0) | 0.23 (0.05)**** | 31 | |||||
| Within surveys | |||||||||||
| MWF | Legs | 56 | 44 | 4 | A | 0.3 | 0.7 | 0.4 | 9.3 (0.3) | ||
| B | 0.01 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 8.9 (0.2) | 0.26 (0.06)** | 38 | |||||
| OS | Legs | 62 | 33 | 4 | A | 1.9 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 5.7 (0.7) | ||
| B | 1.9 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 4.5 (1.0) | 0.39 (0.25) | 0 | |||||
| C | 0.8 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 4.2 (0.8) | 0.55 (0.22)* | 46 | |||||
