Haematological effects among silk screening workers exposed to 2-ethoxy ethyl acetate
- 1Department of Family Medicine & Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Nei-Hu, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- 2Institute of Occupational Safety and Health, Council of Labor Affairs, Shi-Jr, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- 3Department of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Nei-Hu, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- 4Institute of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
- Correspondence to: Dr C-H Loh, Department of Family Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 325, Cheng-Kung Rd., Sec. 2, Nei-Hu, Taipei, Taiwan, 114, Republic of China; twdoc{at}ndmctsgh.edu.tw
- Accepted 14 February 2003
Abstract
Background: 2-Ethoxy ethyl acetate (2-EEA) is a solvent with broad industrial and commercial applications. It has been reported to cause hematological toxicity, infertility, and teratogenesis.
Aims: To investigate the haematological effects in 2-EEA exposed workers.
Methods: Workers from one silk screening shop (n = 29), using 2-EEA as the major cleaning and printing solvent, were recruited as a high exposure group. Workers with indirect and non-exposure to 2-EEA (n = 56) were recruited as the comparison group. Venous blood was collected for blood routine examination. Air concentration of 2-EEA in this plant was measured by eight hour personal sampling.
Results: The geometric mean (GM) of air concentration of 2-EEA in the high exposure group was 7.41 ppm (range 1.35–16.5 pppm). The mean exposure of female workers (GM = 9.34 ppm) was significantly higher than that of male workers (GM = 4.87 ppm). The GM of air 2-EEA concentration in the comparison group was 0.07 ppm (range: non-detectable to 3.62 ppm, n = 26). The haemoglobin and haematocrit in the female high 2-EEA exposure workers were significantly lower than those of female workers in the comparison group. No difference was found between male 2-EEA high exposure and comparison group workers. The haemoglobin, haematocrit, and RBC count in the study population had a significant dose-response relation with air 2-EEA levels.
Conclusion: Results suggest that 2-EEA is a haematological toxicant, which leads to anaemic status in high exposure female workers.
- 2-EEA, 2-ethoxy ethyl acetate
- EGE, ethylene glycol ether
- GM, geometric mean
- GSD, geometric standard deviation
- MCH, mean corpuscular haemoglobin
- MCHC, mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration
- MCV, mean corpuscular volume
- MIBK, methyl isobutyl ketone
- PEL, permissible exposure limit
- RBC, red blood cells
- TWA, time weighted average
- WBC, white blood cells
