Table 5
Combined regression model of risk factors for onset of neck/shoulder pain (symptom cases) and neck/shoulder pain with pressure tenderness (clinical cases)
| Symptom cases (n=636) | Clinical cases (n=82) | |
|---|---|---|
| *Physical strain index on the basis of shoulder repetition, force requirements, percentage with neck flexion more than 20°, and percentage of time with lack of recovery. High physical exposure is high level on at least three of the four quantitative measures. | ||
| Exposure | Odds ratio (95% CI) | Odds ratio (95% CI) |
| Combined physical exposure* | ||
| Reference category | 1 | 1 |
| Low | 1.1 (0.6 to 1.9) | 1.3 (0.3 to 6.0) |
| Medium | 1.1 (0.9 to 1.4) | 1.8 (0.9 to 3.6) |
| High | 1.5 (1.2 to 1.9) | 3.2 (1.6 to 6.6) |
| Job demands | ||
| Refence category | 1 | 1 |
| High job demands | 1.5 (1.3 to 1.8) | 2.0 (1.2 to 3.3) |
| Gender | ||
| Male | 1 | 1 |
| Women | 0.9 (0.8 to 1.1) | 1.8 (1.1 to 3.2) |
| Pain pressure threshold | ||
| Reference—high threshold | 1 | 1 |
| Low pain pressure threshold | 1.3 (1.1 to 1.5) | 0.8 (0.5 to 1.3) |
| Level of distress | ||
| Low | 1 | 1 |
| Medium | 1.4 (1.1 to 1.7) | 1.7 (1.0 to 2.9) |
| High | 1.8 (1.4 to 2.5) | 2.8 (1.4 to 5.4) |
