Table 3
Multivariate analyses in relation to the outcome measures depression, impaired psychological wellbeing, and heavy alcohol use for risk factors that showed significance in bivariate analysis; by gender in age adjusted analysis
| Bivariate analysis | Multivariate analysis | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk factor | RR | 95% CI | RR | 95% CI |
| *Since only one statistically significant risk factor was found in the bivariate analysis, no multivariate analysis was performed. | ||||
| **Only one of the two variables, Infrequent social contact 69 and Dissatisfaction with social contacts 69, has been used in each analysis since these variables were too highly correlated to be involved in the same multivariate analysis. | ||||
| (A) Outcome: depression | ||||
| Longitudinal data, 1969–93 | ||||
| Women | ||||
| Depression 69 | 2.41 | 1.17 to 4.96 | 2.68 | 1.04 to 6.89 |
| Dissatisfaction with social contacts 69 | 4.09 | 2.07 to 8.06 | 5.58 | 2.17 to 14.31 |
| Men | ||||
| Infrequent social contact 69 | 4.39 | 1.51 to 12.7 | * | |
| Cross sectional data in 1993 | ||||
| Women | ||||
| Living alone 93 | 2.48 | 1.21 to 5.11 | 2.97 | 1.19 to 7.42 |
| Lack of job pride 93 | 2.66 | 1.28 to 5.54 | 3.28 | 1.27 to 8.45 |
| Men | ||||
| Living alone 93 | 2.80 | 1.20 to 6.52 | 3.69 | 1.19 to 11.45 |
| High mental load at work 93 | 2.54 | 1.00 to 6.47 | 2.56 | 0.86 to 7.57 |
| Cross sectional data in 1969 | ||||
| Women | ||||
| High mental load at work 69 | 2.14 | 1.21 to 3.80 | * | |
| Men | ||||
| Infrequent social contact 69 | 3.58 | 1.24 to 10.3 | 3.34** | 0.52 to 21.34 |
| Dissatisfaction with social contacts 69 | 2.28 | 1.05 to 4.97 | 2.70** | 0.97 to 11.07 |
| Monotonous work | 2.68 | 1.03 to 6.99 | 3.28** | 0.86 to 8.42 |
| (B) Outcome: GHQ 12 | ||||
| Longitudinal data, 1969–93 | ||||
| Women | ||||
| Dissatisfaction with social contacts 69 | 1.96 | 1.07 to 3.62 | * | |
| Men | ||||
| Living alone 69 | 1.78 | 1.02 to 3.11 | 1.76 | 0.60 to 5.21 |
| Children living at home 69 | 1.94 | 1.03 to 3.68 | 1.44 | 0.52 to 3.94 |
| Cross sectional data in 1993 | ||||
| Women | ||||
| Children living at home 93 | 1.94 | 1.12 to 3.37 | 2.13 | 0.93 to 4.88 |
| No time for oneself 93 | 2.05 | 1.15 to 3.68 | 1.85 | 0.76 to 4.51 |
| Time pressure at work 93 | 2.11 | 1.22 to 3.64 | 2.31 | 0.89 to 5.99 |
| High mental load at work 93 | 1.94 | 1.11 to 3.39 | 1.68 | 0.71 to 3.97 |
| Psychological demands (index) 93 | 1.97 | 1.12 to 3.49 | 1.26 | 0.50 to 3.17 |
| Men | ||||
| Living alone 93 | 1.85 | 1.01 to 3.40 | 2.41 | 0.79 to 7.29 |
| High mental load at work 93 | 3.86 | 2.13 to 7.02 | 5.61 | 2.26 to 13.92 |
| Lack of support at work (index) 93 | 2.61 | 1.48 to 4.61 | 2.03 | 0.70 to 6.20 |
| (C) Outcome: heavy alcohol use | ||||
| Longitudinal data, 1969–93 | ||||
| Women | ||||
| Overtime work 69 | 4.50 | 1.45 to 13.9 | * | |
| Men | ||||
| Dissatisfaction with leisure activities 69 | 2.35 | 1.12 to 4.92 | * | |
| Cross sectional data in 1993 | ||||
| Women | ||||
| Regular smoker 93 | 3.13 | 1.20 to 8.16 | 3.51 | 1.13 to 10.90 |
| Lack of job pride (index) 93 | 3.57 | 1.37 to 9.28 | 4.13 | 1.29 to 13.22 |
| Men | ||||
| Regular smoker 93 | 3.08 | 1.59 to 5.97 | * | |
