Glutathione S-transferases M1-1 and T1-1 as risk modifiers for renal cell cancer associated with occupational exposure to chemicals
- 1Dept of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology and Health Sciences, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- 2Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine; Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University Hospital, Linköping, Sweden
- Correspondence to: Professor A Mutti Laboratory of Industrial Toxicology, Dept of Clinical Medicine, Nephrology and Health Sciences, University of Parma, via Gramsci 14, 43100 Parma, Italy; antonio.muttiunipr.it
- Accepted 24 November 2002
Abstract
Aims: To investigate the possible interaction between occupational risk factors and genotype for glutathione S-transferases M1 and T1 (GSTM1 and GSTT1) in renal cell cancer (RCC).
Methods: One hundred patients with RCC and 200 outpatient controls were enrolled at Parma University Hospital. The polymorphisms of glutathione S-transferase M1-1 (GSTM1) and T1-1 (GSTT1) were investigated by PCR; occupational history was collected by a structured questionnaire.
Results: Subjects with GSTM1 present genotype showed higher risks for RCC, compared to GSTM1 null subjects, if exposed to metals (OR 2.73; 95% CI 0.91 to 8.22 v 1.14; 95% CI 0.46 to 2.82) or pesticides (OR 3.46; 95% CI 1.12 to 10.74 v 1.59; 95% CI 0.48 to 5.34). The GSTT1 present genotype also enhanced the risk (about twofold) of RCC among subjects exposed to solvents and pesticides, compared with those GSTT1 null.
Conclusions: Results support the hypothesis that GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms can interact with several occupational exposures to significantly modify the risk of RCC among exposed subjects.
- GSH, glutathione
- GST, glutathione S-transferase
- OR, odds ratio
- PCR, polymerase chain reaction
- RCC, renal cell cancer
- TRI, trichloroethylene
