Influence of solvent exposure and aging on cognitive functioning: an 18 year follow up of formerly exposed floor layers and their controls
- 1Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
- 2Department of Psychology, University of Uppsala, Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence to: Dr L Nordling Nilson, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, S:t Sigfridsgatan 85, SE-412 66 Göteborg, Sweden; linda.nilson{at}ymk.gu.se
- Accepted 27 July 2001
Abstract
Objectives: To extend our knowledge of how exposure to neurotoxic substances during working life affects cognitive functioning in the long term. Does long term occupational exposure to organic solvents lead to aggravated cognitive impairment later in life?
Methods: A follow up was conducted of floor layers exposed to solvents and their unexposed referents (carpenters) 18 years after the baseline assessment. The pattern of cognitive changes in the two groups was compared, with the same 10 neuropsychological tests from the test battery for investigating functional disorders (TUFF) that were used at baseline. The study included 41 floor layers and 40 carpenters. A medical examination focused on health at the present and during the past 18 years. An extensive exposure assessment made in the initial study included questionnaires, interviews, and measurements. Additional exposure during the follow up period was minor, as explored in interviews at follow up.
Results: The entire group of floor layers did not deteriorate significantly more over time than did the carpenters. However, among the oldest subjects (>60 years), only floor layers showed decline in visual memory. Moreover, the most highly exposed floor layers deteriorated significantly more than their referents in visual memory and perceptual speed, and they tended to display larger decrements in motor speed. Significant dose effect relations were found; higher cumulative exposure was associated with decrements in visual episodic memory, perceptual speed and attention, and visuospatial skill.
Conclusions: The hypothesis that floor layers would deteriorate more in cognitive performance than their unexposed referents over a period of 18 years was partly supported by the results of this study. The results are consistent with the view that the negative effects of exposure to solvents may interact with the normal aging process, primarily at heavy exposure.
- TUFF, test battery for investigating functional disorders
- CNS, central nervous system
- CEIs, cumulative exposure indices
- rp, Pearson product-moment correlation
- CTE, chronic toxic encephalopathy
