Table 3
Tubular proteinuria (defined as excreting protein HC >0.8 and 0.6 mg/mmol creatinine, for men and women, respectively) in people exposed to cadmium
| Urinary Cd (nmol/mmol creatinine) | Mean urinary Cd (nmol/mmol creatinine) |
Environmentally exposed people cases/total (prevalence %) (missing, n=17) |
Occupationally exposed people cases/total (prevalence %) (missing, n=3) |
Total population cases/total (prevalence %) |
OR, total (95% CI) (test for trend, p<0.001) |
OR, environmentally exposed people (95% CI) (test for trend, p=0.001) |
| <0.3 | 0.21 | 12/252 (4.8) | 1/13 (7.7) | 13/265 (4.9) | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| 0.3–<0.5 | 0.38 | 33/243 (14) | 4/30 (13) | 37/273 (14) | 1.8 (0.9 to 3.5) | 2.5 (1.1 to 5.5) |
| 0.5–<1 | 0.69 | 60/232 (26) | 8/66 (12) | 68/298 (23) | 2.7 (1.4 to 5.3) | 4.3 (1.9 to 11) |
| 1–<2 | 1.4 | 22/53 (42) | 10/55 (18) | 32/108 (30) | 3.6 (1.7 to 7.6) | 7.5 (3.5 to 44) |
| 2–<3 | 2.5 | 1/1 (100) | 7/23 (30) | 8/24 (33) | 4.0 (1.4 to 12) | — |
| 3–<5 | 3.8 | 0/1 (0) | 7/20 (35) | 7/21 (33) | 4.7 (1.6 to 14) | — |
| ⩾5 | 6.8 | — (—) | 6/12 (50) | 6/12 (50) | 6.0 (1.6 to 22) | — |
-
Analyses were missing for 20 people.
