Work in Brief
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Although shoes are sometimes still produced by traditional, manual methods, workers can be exposed to a variety of potentially toxic agents, including dusts, dyes and solvents. In this issue, Sallmén et al1 report reduced fertility among female show manufacturing workers in Portugal. In this study, women working in shoe factories took longer to become pregnant than women employed in other local industries. The time to pregnancy was not appreciably longer for women classified as highly exposure to any of eight organic solvents, however. The authors conclude that their findings provide further evidence that organic solvents, including toluene, acetone and hexane, may be a reproductive hazard.
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Numerous studies show associations between fine airborne particles (diameter < 2.5 µm) and increased frequency of cardiorespiratory outcomes. The effects of the coarse fraction of respirable particles (2.5–10 µm), which are different in origin and composition, have not been investigated to the same extent, but
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