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Questionnaires are often used to assess children’s residential exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), but with the potential to misclassify through recall and response bias. How much these errors matter is the topic of a paper by Gehring et al.1 They have compared questionnaire responses with measures of nicotine in air and levels of urinary cotinine. The study surveyed 347 German, 335 Dutch and 354 Swedish pre-school and school children. Despite some misclassification, questionnaire responses were found to provide a valid, as well as an inexpensive and convenient estimate of residential ETS. The proportion of homes misclassified, as judged by nicotine and air, ranged from 5.1% to 6.1% across countries, with no indication of differential misclassification in the parents of symptomatic children.
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Shift work is considered to be a risk factor for peptic ulceration, but the role of Helicobacter pylori (the main causative agent) has seldom been investigated in
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