EDUCATION

Design of exposure questionnaires for epidemiological studies

M J Nieuwenhuijsen

Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
Dr M J Nieuwenhuijsen
Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London, UK; m.nieuwenhuijsen@imperial.ac.uk

Keywords: design; environmental; occupational; questionnaire

The first 150 words of the full text of this article appear below.

Questionnaires are frequently used in the exposure assessment of occupational and environmental epidemiological studies. Questionnaires may be the method of choice for assessing exposure because no other sources of information are available, or because they provide the most efficient data collection method, allowing a larger study size and greater statistical power than would be possible with other more accurate measurement techniques. They may be used in combination with other methods. Information on presence of exposure (yes/no), duration, frequency, and pattern of exposure is often obtained by questionnaire. Very few, if any, standardised questionnaires that have been validated are available in this area. This is one of the major limitations of questionnaires and researchers should be extremely careful how they use self-reported exposure since it may bias the exposure-disease association. The design of new questionnaires often depends on the experience acquired with previous questionnaires.

Questionnaires require careful consideration of design and . . . [Full text of this article]

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