ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Historical limitations of determinant based exposure groupings in the rubber manufacturing industry

R Vermeulen¹ and H Kromhout²

¹ Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
² Environmental and Occupational Health Group, Institute of Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands

Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
Dr R Vermeulen
Occupational and Environmental Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, NIH, DHHS, 6120 Executive Boulevard, Rockville, MD 20892, USA; vermeulr{at}mail.nih.gov

Aims: To study the validity of using a cross-sectional industry-wide exposure survey to develop exposure groupings for epidemiological purposes that extend beyond the time period in which the exposure data were collected.

Methods: Exposure determinants were used to group workers into high, medium, and low exposure groups. The contrast of this grouping and other commonly used grouping schemes based on plant and department within this exposure survey and a previously conducted survey within the same industry (and factories) were estimated and compared.

Results: Grouping of inhalable and dermal exposure based on exposure determinants resulted in the highest, but still modest, contrast ( 0.3). Classifying subjects based on a combination of plant and department resulted in a slightly lower contrast ( 0.2). If the determinant based grouping derived from the 1997 exposure survey was used to classify workers in the 1988 survey the average contrast decreased significantly for both exposures ( 0.1). On the contrary, the exposure classification based on plant and department increased in contrast (from 0.2 to 0.3) and retained its relative ranking overtime.

Conclusions: Although determinant based groupings seem to result in more efficient groupings within a cross-sectional survey, they have to be used with caution as they might result in significant less contrast beyond the studied population or time period. It is concluded that a classification based on plant and department might be more desirable for retrospective studies in the rubber manufacturing industry, as they seem to have more historical relevance and are most likely more accurately recorded historically than information on exposure determinants in a particular industry.

Keywords: rubber industry; exposure assessment; exposure variability; mixed models; exposure grouping

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