ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Personal exposure monitoring of particulate matter, nitrogen dioxide, and carbon monoxide, including susceptible groups

R M Harrison¹, C A Thornton¹, R G Lawrence¹, D Mark¹, R P Kinnersley¹, J G Ayres²

¹ Division of Environmental Health & Risk Management, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
² Department of Research and Development, 1st Floor, Lincoln House, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Bordesley Green East, Birmingham B9 5SS, UK

Correspondence to:
Correspondence to:
Prof. R M Harrison, Division of Environmental Health & Risk Management, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK;
R.M.Harrison.ipe{at}bham.ac.uk

Aims: To investigate the relation between personal exposures to nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and PM₁₀, and exposures estimated from static concentrations of these pollutants measured within the same microenvironments, for healthy individuals and members of susceptible groups.

Methods: Eleven healthy adult subjects and 18 members of groups more susceptible to adverse health changes in response to a given level of exposure to nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide, and/or PM₁₀ than the general population (six schoolchildren, six elderly subjects, and six with pre-existing disease—two with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), two with left ventricular failure (LVF), and two with severe asthma) were recruited. Daytime personal exposures were determined either directly or through shadowing. Relations between personal exposures and simultaneously measured microenvironment concentrations were examined.

Results: Correlations between personal exposures and microenvironment concentration were frequently weak for individual subjects because of the small range in measured concentrations. However, when all subjects were pooled, excellent relations between measured personal exposure and microenvironment concentration were found for both carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide, with slopes of close to one and near zero intercepts. For PM₁₀, a good correlation was also found with an intercept of personal exposure (personal cloud) of 16.7 (SD 10.4) µg/m³. Modelled and measured personal exposures were generally in reasonably good agreement, but modelling with generic mean microenvironment data was unable to represent the full range of measured concentrations.

Conclusions: Microenvironment measurements of carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide can well represent the personal exposures of individuals within that microenvironment. The same is true for PM₁₀ with the addition of a personal cloud increment. Elderly subjects and those with pre-existing disease received generally lower PM₁₀ exposures than the healthy adult subjects and schoolchildren by virtue of their less active lifestyles.

Keywords: air pollution; personal exposure; carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide; PM10

Abbreviations: COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; ETS, environmental tobacco smoke; LVF, left ventricular failure; PM, particulate matter

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This article has been cited by other articles:

• Cherrie, J W (2004). Personal and static sample measurements are related. Occup. Environ. Med. 61: 374-374 [Full Text]  
• Sarin, P (2003). Use of personal exposure modelling in risk assessment of air pollutants. Occup. Environ. Med. 60: 529-529 [Full Text]  
• Harrison, R M, Kinnersley, R P, Lawrence, R G, Ayres, J G, Mark, D (2003). Personal exposure assessment in the epidemiology of air pollutants. Occup. Environ. Med. 60: 458-459 [Full Text]  
• Lange, J H (2003). Are personal and static samples related?. Occup. Environ. Med. 60: 224-225 [Full Text]  
• Kromhout, H, van Tongeren, M (2003). How important is personal exposure assessment in the epidemiology of air pollutants?. Occup. Environ. Med. 60: 143-144 [Full Text]  
• Cherrie, J W (2002). How important is personal exposure assessment in the epidemiology of air pollutants?. Occup. Environ. Med. 59: 653-654 [Full Text]  

eLetters:

Read all eLetters

Are personal and static samples related?

John H. Lange

Occup Environ Med Online, 30 Oct 2002 [Full text]

Comments on article by Harrison et al and editorial by Cherrie

Hans Kromhout, et al.

Occup Environ Med Online, 20 Nov 2002 [Full text]

Response to Letter by Kromhout and van Tongeren

Roy M. Harrison, et al.

Occup Environ Med Online, 21 Dec 2002 [Full text]